How Much Sulfuric Acid To Add To 5 Gal Water For .8 Percent Solution

measure

Prepared by Bodie Five. Pennisi, Gary Fifty. Wade, Melvin P. Garber, Paul A. Thomas and James T. Midcap, Horticulture Section
Original manuscript by Due south.C. Myers and A.J. Lewis, former Extension horticulturists

Equivalents for liquid measure (volume)
Equivalents for dry out measure and weight
Metric organization conversion table
Dilution of liquid pesticides at diverse concentrations
Equivalent quantities of dry materials (wettable powders) for diverse quantities of h2o based on recommended pounds per 100 gallons
Equivalent quantities of liquid materials (emulsion concentrates, etc.) for various quantities of h2o based on pints per 100 gallons
Rate of application equivalent table
Fertilizer conversions for specified square feet and row areas
Fertilizer weight as measured past standard pot size
Chemical element concentrations for pounds soluble fertilizer in grand gallons (U.S.) water
Injection ratios and nitrogen concentrations for constant fertilization
Injector calibration with a electrical conductivity meter
Parts per million of desired nutrient to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of water (or grams in 1 liter) and vice versa
Conversion factors amongst electrical conductivity (EC) units
Diverse acids to add together to irrigation water for acidification
Amounts of nutrient sources to combine in making various fertilizer formulas
Formulas for boosted fertilizer calculations
Miscellaneous conversions used in fertilizer calculations
Osmocote® controlled-release fertilizers and their release periods
Rates in lb/yd^three (kg/m³) for incorporation of three of the most pop formulations of Nutricote into greenhouse root substrates
Materials, rates necessary to lower the pH level of greenhouse potting substrate 0.5 to ane.0 units
Gauge amount of materials required to modify pH of potting mixes
Dilution/conversion chart for various chemical growth regulators
Pre-plant fertilizer sources and rates of application
Cornell Peat-calorie-free Mix A for seedlings, bedding plants and potted plants
Number of pots per bushel and per cubic chiliad of soil mix
Number of nursery containers that can be filled from 1 yd³ of soil mix
Coverage estimates for perlite, peat, topsoil and straw
Establish spacing guide (greenhouse)
Plant spacing guide (field/orchard)
Estimated number of plants to fill 100 ft2 bed surface area for square (row) and triangular (equilateral) planting patterns using 4 to 14 inch spacing distances
Number of bedding/groundcover plants required at various spacing for landscape planting
Number of plants per acre at various spacings
Times required to mow or trim lawn areas
Volume of h2o delivered - past size of hose
Cubic yards of soil needed at various depths and areas
Areas covered in foursquare feet at various depths
Temperature conversion
Formulas for calculating greenhouse book
Formulas for calculating variously shaped areas

Pesticide and fertilizer recommendations oftentimes are fabricated on a pounds-per-acre or tons-per-acre footing for field production. However, greenhouse and plant nursery operators, landscape professionals and orchardists often must convert these recommendations to smaller areas, such equally row anxiety or foursquare feet per tree or per pot. Pints, cups, ounces, tablespoons and teaspoons oftentimes are the common units of measure. Metric units of measure can further complicate conversion.

This publication is designed to help growers make these calculations and conversions and to provide other data useful in the management, planning and operation of horticultural enterprises. A number of formulas for calculating fertilizer application rates on a parts-per-meg basis are given. Tables for fertilizer injector scale using a conductivity meter, as well as pre-plant application rates for various soil mix components and amendments, as well are provided. A brief caption of how each tabular array is used is provided.

Tables ane through 3 help determine equivalent measures for liquid (volume) or dry out (weight) chemical substances and also converting metric to English units.

Tabular array 1. Equivalents for liquid measure (volume)
Units of Measure
Gallons (gal)	Quarts (qt)	Pints (pt)	Fluid Ounces (fl oz)	Cups	Tablespoons (tbs)	Teaspoons (tsp)	Milliliters (ml)	Cubic Centimeters (cc)	Liters (50)
1	four	8	128	16	—	—	—	—	—
—	1	2	32	4	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	i	16	2	32	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	i	1/8	2	6	30	—	—
—	—	—	—	1	16	48	240	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	1	iii	15	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	1	five	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	ane	ane	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	yard	1000	1

Table 2. Equivalents for dry measure and weight
Dry Measure
3 level teaspoonfuls 16 level tablespoonfuls 2 cupfuls 2 pints	= = = =	1 level tablespoonful one cupful 1 pint 1 quart
Weight
Pounds/Ounces	to	Metric
220.46 pounds 100 pounds 2.204 pounds 1.102 pounds i pound/sixteen ounces 8 ounces 4 ounces 3.527 ounces ii ounces 1 ounce three/4 ounce 1/2 ounce ane/4 ounce 1/8 ounce 1/16 ounce one/32 ounce 1/64 ounce one/128 ounce	= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =	100 kilograms (kg) 45.349 kilograms one kilogram 500 grams (g) 453.5900 grams 226.78 grams 113.39 grams 110 grams 56.70 grams 28.35 grams 21.25 grams 14.17 grams 7.08 grams 3.54 grams i.77 grams 885 milligrams 442 milligrams 221 milligrams
Ounces	to	Grams
three/8 i/2 5/8 3/4 seven/8 1 ii 1/256 1/128 1/64 ane/32 ane/16 1/8 1/4	= = = = = = = = = = = = = =	x.631 fourteen.75 17.718 21.162 24.805 28.349 56.698 0.111 0.221 0.443 0.886 i.772 three.544 7.087

Table 3. Metric system conversion table
Liquid chapters
1 fluid ounce (fl oz) 1 pint (pt) = 16 fl oz 1 quart (qt) 1 gal (gal) 1 liter (l) 1 milliliter (ml)	= = = = = =	30 milliliters (ml) 473 ml 946 ml 3,785 ml 1,000 ml 1 cubic centimeter (cc)
Dry fabric weight
i ounce (avoirdupois) i pound (lb) 1 kilogram (kg)	= = =	28.4 grams (grand) 453.6 m 1,000 chiliad = ii.2 lb
Volume
1 cubic inch (in³) ane cubic foot (ftⁱⁱⁱ) 1 bushel (bu) ane cubic k (yd^three)	= = = =	16.4 milliliters (ml) 7.48 gal = 28.3 liters (50) one.24 ft³ = 35.2 liters 21.7 bu = 765 liters
Linear
1 inch (in) ane foot (ft) ane k (yd) 1 meter (m)	= = = =	2.54 centimeters (cm) 30.48 cm 91.44 cm 100 cm
Area
one square inch (in²) 1 square foot (ft²) 1 foursquare one thousand (yd²) 1 acre (a) 1 square mile (Yard²)	= = = = =	6.45 square centimeters (cm²) 0.09 foursquare meter (m²) 0.84 square meter (thousand²) 0.40 hectare (ha) two.59 square kilometer (kmⁱⁱ)

Tables 4 through 7 assist determine correct application rates for various pesticides.

Table iv. Dilution of liquid pesticides at various concentrations
Dilution	Amount Desired
Dilution	1 Gal	iii Gal	five Gal	xv Gal
1:100	2 tbs + 2 tsp	1/two cup	three/4 cup + 5 tsp	i loving cup + iii tbs
1:200	4 tsp	1/iv cup	6½ tbs	one/two cup + 2 tbs
ane:400	2 tsp	2 tbs	iii tbs	4 tbs + 2½ tsp
1:800	i tsp	1 tbs	ane tbs + 2 tsp	3 tbs + 2½ tsp
1:1000	iii/4 tsp	2¼ tsp	ane tbs + 1 tsp	ane pt + 1/2 cup
Instance: Directions call for a i:200 dilution. To prepare 3 gal of finished product, y'all would need to add one/4 loving cup.

Tabular array 5. Equivalent quantities of dry materials (wettable powders) for various quantities of h2o based on recommended pounds per 100 gallons
Water	Recommended Rates
100 gal	i lb	2 lb	3 lb	four lb	5 lb	6 lb
50 gal	1/ii lb	ane lb	i½ lb	2 lb	2½ lb	3 lb
25 gal	4 oz	viii oz	12 oz	1 lb	1¼ lb	i½ lb
12.v gal	2 oz	four oz	6 oz	eight oz	10 oz	3/4 lb
5 gal	3 tbs	i½ oz	two½ oz	3¼ oz	four oz	5 oz
1 gal	i tsp	2 tsp	one tbs	4 tsp	5 tsp	2 tbs
Example: Directions for use specify a rate of 4 lb per 100 gal water. To prepare one gal of solution would require iv tsp of material.

Tabular array vi. Equivalent quantities of liquid materials (emulsion concentrates, etc.) for various quantities of water based on pints per 100 gallons
Water	Recommended Rates
100gal	1/2 pt	ane pt	2 pt	iii pt	four pt	5 pt
50 gal	4 fl oz	eight fl oz	1 pt	1½ pt	2 pt	ii½ pt
25 gal	2 fl oz	4 fl oz	8 fl oz	12 fl oz	ane pt	1¼ pt
12.5 gal	1 fl oz	2 fl oz	iv fl oz	6 fl oz	8 fl oz	10 fl oz
five gal	one tbs	1 fl oz	2 fl oz	2½ fl oz	three fl oz	four fl oz
1 gal	1/2 tsp	i tsp	2 tsp	iii tsp	4 tsp	5 tsp
Example: Directions for apply specify a charge per unit of 4 pt per 100 gal water. To prepare 5 gal of solution would require iii fl oz material.

Table 7. Rate of application equivalent table
Rate per Acre	Charge per unit per 1000 sq ft	Charge per unit per 100 sq ft
Liquid Materials
i pt	3/4 tbs	1/4 tsp
1 qt	1½ tbs	1/2 tsp
1 gal	6 tbs	two tsp
25 gal	4⅔ pt	one/ii pt
50 gal	4⅔ qt	1 pt
100 gal	2⅓ gal	1 qt
200 gal	iv⅔ gal	2 qt
300 gal	seven gal	3 qt
400 gal	9¼ gal	1 gal
500 gal	xi½ gal	1¼ gal
Dry out Materials
i lb	two½ tsp	one/4 tsp
3 lb	2¼ tbs	three/4 tsp
4 lb	3 tbs	one tsp
5 lb	four tbs	one¼ tsp
10 lb	1/2 cup	2 tsp
100 lb	2⅔ lb	1/4 lb
200 lb	4⅔ lb	i/ii lb
300 lb	7 lb	three/4 lb
400 lb	9¼ lb	ane lb
500 lb	xi½ lb	1¼ lb
*Examples:* For liquid materials, 100 gal per acre is equivalent to 2⅓ gal per 1000 ftⁱⁱ or i qt per 100 ft². For dry materials, 4 lb per acre is equivalent to 3 tbs per yard ft² or 1 tsp per 100 ftⁱⁱ.

Tables 8 through 9 help decide the right awarding rates for fertilizers when nutrition recommendations are based on fertilizer weight.

Table 8. Fertilizer conversions for specified foursquare anxiety and row expanse
Material grouped by approximate weight per pint	Recommended rate per acre*	Fertilizer Rate for Specific Areas
		100 sq ft	chiliad sq ft	ten sq ft	100 sq ft	Per 10 feet of row spaced**
		100 sq ft	chiliad sq ft	ten sq ft	100 sq ft	i ft	2 ft	3 ft
	lb	lb	lb	tbs	pt	tbs	tbs	loving cup
x oz per pint
Sulfur or Stale Claret	100	0.2	two.3	1.2	0.four	1.2	two.4	0.2
	500	1.2	11.five	six.0	1.9	six.0	12.0	1.1
	1000	2.3	23.0	12.0	3.seven	—	—	—
thirteen oz per pint
Urea or Ammonium Nitrate or Ammonium Chloride	100	0.ii	2.iii	0.9	0.three	0.9	1.8	0.two
	500	1.two	11.v	4.5	one.4	iv.5	ix.0	0.viii
	1000	2.3	23.0	ix.0	2.8	—	—	—
16 oz per pint
Ammonium Phosphate or Potassium Chloride or Gypsum or Mixed Fertilizers	100	0.2	2.iii	0.seven	0.2	0.vii	1.4	0.1
	500	1.ii	eleven.v	3.5	one.2	iii.five	7.0	0.7
	1000	2.3	23.0	seven.0	2.3	—	—	—
19 oz per pint
Calcium Nitrate or Ammonium Sulfate or Superphosphate	100	0.2	two.3	0.half dozen	0.2	0.6	1.2	0.1
	500	1.2	11.5	three.0	1.0	3.0	6.0	0.half-dozen
	chiliad	2.iii	23.0	half-dozen.0	ii.0	—	—	—
23 oz per pint
Basis limestone or Potassium sulfatex	100	0.two	2.3	0.5	0.2	0.v	1.0	0.i
	500	ane.ii	11.5	two.5	0.viii	2.5	5.0	0.five
	1000	2.3	23.0	5.0	1.6	—	—	—
	2000	4.six	46.0	x.0	three.ii	—	—	—
* Any of the materials listed in the first column tin be used at the rates shown beneath. High Rates, non desirable in row fertilization, are omitted in the table. Case:** Y'all wish to apply calcium nitrate at the rate of 500 lbs per acre. It weighs approximately xix oz per pt. For awarding to 100 ft², you need ane.two lb or 1.0 pt.

Tabular array nine. Fertilizer weight as measured past standard pot size
Fertilizer	Pot Size
Fertilizer	2¼"	3"	3½"	4"	5"	half dozen"
Ammonium nitrate	2 oz	5½ oz	9 oz	fifteen oz	1 lb 12 oz	two lb 15 oz
Urea, 45-0-0	2½ oz	half dozen oz	9 oz	i lb	1 lb 13 oz	3 lb
Superphosphate	ii½ oz	6 oz	ix½ oz	1 lb	1 lb 14 oz	3 lb 2 oz
Dusting sulfur	2½ oz	half-dozen oz	ten oz	1 lb	1 lb 14 oz	3 lb three oz
Peters, 20-5-30	2½ oz	6 oz	x oz	1 lb 1 oz	1 lb 15 oz	iii lb iii oz
Ammonium sulfate	three oz	7 oz	xi oz	1 lb iii oz	two lb 3 oz	3 lb 11 oz
Osmocote, 14-14-14	3 oz	7½ oz	12 oz	one lb 4 oz	2 lb 5 oz	3 lb thirteen oz
MagAmp, 12-62-0	3 oz	7½ oz	12 oz	1 lb 4 oz	two lb five oz	three lb 14 oz
Gypsum, CaSO₄	3 oz	viii oz	12½ oz	1 lb 5 oz	ii lb 7 oz	4 lb i oz
Calcium nitrate	iii oz	8 oz	12½ oz	1 lb half dozen oz	2 lb eight oz	four lb two oz
Peters, xv-0-15	iii½ oz	8 oz	13 oz	1 lb 6 oz	two lb 9 oz	four lb v oz
Potassium chloride	3½ oz	9 oz	14 oz	1 lb viii oz	i lb 12 oz	4 lb ix oz
Sodium nitrate	4 oz	9 oz	xv oz	ane lb 9 oz	ii lb 14 oz	four lb 13 oz
Dolomitic limestone	5½ oz	13 oz	1 lb 5 oz	2 lb 4 oz	4 lb two oz	6 lb 14 oz
Clay flower pots are frequently used for fertilizer measurement past greenhouse operators. The higher up shows average weights of several representative fertilizers as measured by standard dirt pots when level full. The 3-inch standard is considered to contain 8 fl oz or 1 cup. Since the actual pot size varies with the manufacturer and the volume of a given weight of fertilizer varies with wet and compaction, deviations of ten percent may exist expected only up to xl percent may occur.

Tables ten through 14 assist determine the correct application rates for fertilizers with diverse analysis when diet recommendations are based on parts per one thousand thousand and fertilizer injectors are used to deliver liquid plant fertilizer. Tabular array 12 is designed to help growers calibrate their injectors.

Table ten. Element concentrations for pounds soluble fertilizer in 1000 gal (U.S.) h2o
Desired PPM	Pounds of Fertilizer Needed
	% Nitrogen (N)					% Phosphate (P_twoO_five)				% Potash (1000₂O)
	30	25	20	xv	10	20	15	10	5	25	twenty	15	10
300	8.3	10.0	12.5	16.vii	23.0	—	—	—	—	12.0	15.0	20.0	30.0
275	7.8	nine.two	11.4	xv.iii	23.0	—	—	—	—	11.0	13.7	18.ii	27.5
250	7.3	8.4	10.2	13.9	21.eight	—	—	—	—	10.0	12.5	16.vii	26.two
225	six.2	7.5	9.3	12.five	18.7	—	—	—	—	nine.0	eleven.iii	xv.0	22.5
200	5.half-dozen	6.7	8.four	11.1	sixteen.7	19.2	—	—	—	eight.0	10.0	13.3	xx.0
175	4.nine	5.8	vii.iii	nine.7	14.half-dozen	xvi.8	22.4	—	—	7.0	8.8	10.vii	17.v
150	four.2	5.0	6.3	8.3	12.v	14.iv	19.2	28.8	—	vi.0	7.6	10.0	xv.0
125	3.5	four.ii	5.iii	7.0	10.2	12.0	16.0	24.0	48.0	5.0	vi.2	viii.4	12.5
100	two.8	3.4	4.two	v.6	8.3	9.six	12.6	19.2	38.4	4.0	v.0	6.7	10.0
75	2.1	two.five	iii.1	iv.ii	6.2	7.2	nine.6	14.four	28.8	3.0	3.viii	five.0	7.five
fifty	one.4	i.7	2.ane	2.8	four.2	4.8	vi.four	9.six	19.2	2.0	2.5	three.iv	5.0
25	0.7	0.ix	i.1	1.iv	2.1	2.four	iii.2	4.8	9.six	1.0	i.iii	1.7	2.five
Example: You wish to apply 200 ppm Northward using a 20-ten-xx soluble fertilizer. Reading across from 200 ppm nether the xx percent Due north cavalcade, you find 8.iv lb are needed for yard gal water. NOTES: 1 oz/ii gal is nigh thirty lb/chiliad gal; 1 oz/3 gal is nigh twenty lb/1000 gal; 1 oz/5 gal is about 12 lb/1000 gal. i oz/gal = 7490 ppm; 1 oz/100 gal = 75 ppm. To determine Parts Per Million (ppm) of an element in a fertilizer, simply multiply the percentage of that element by 75. The reply will be the ppm of the chemical element per oz of the fertilizer in 100 gal of water. As an example, Ammonium Sulfate contains approximately 20 percent Nitrogen. xx pct multiplied by 75 is fifteen, which is the ppm of Nitrogen in i oz of Ammonium Sulfate per 100 gal of water.

Table 11. Injection ratios and nitrogen concentrations for constant fertilization¹
Ratio	Ounces of Fertilizer per Gal Concentrate
Ratio	100 ppm N	150 ppm N	200 ppm N
xxx% N formula^a
1:200	xiii.5	twenty.2	27.0
1:200	9.0	13.5	eighteen.0
1:150	six.7	10.i	13.5
i:128	5.7	8.vi	11.5
one:100	4.5	6.7	9.0
one:l	2.2	three.3	four.5
1:30	xiii.0	2.0	2.7
i:24	1.0	1.six	two.ane
i:xv	0.67	1.0	one.3
25% Northward formula^b
i:300	16.5	24.7	33.0
1:200	eleven.0	16.5	22.0
1:150	8.2	12.iii	16.five
1:128	7.0	ten.5	14.0
1:100	5.five	eight.2	eleven.0
one:50	ii.7	4.1	five.v
1:30	1.6	2.4	3.3
1:24	1.3	i.9	ii.6
1:15	0.82	1.2	one.6
xx% North formula^c
one:300	20.2	30.3	40.5
ane:200	xiii.v	20.2	27.0
i:150	10.1	15.ane	20.2
1:128	8.6	12.9	17.2
ane:100	6.7	ten.1	13.5
1:l	iii.three	5.0	half dozen.seven
one:30	2.0	3.0	four.0
1:24	one.half-dozen	2.four	three.2
1:15	one.0	1.5	two.0
15% N formula^d
1:300	27.0	40.5	54.0
ane:200	18.0	27.0	36.0
1:150	13.5	20.2	27.0
1:128	11.5	17.2	23.0
1:100	9.0	13.5	18.0
1:50	4.5	half-dozen.7	9.0
i:30	2.7	4.0	5.iv
1:24	2.ane	iii.2	4.3
i:15	1.3	2.0	two.vii
¹From Ball RedBook, 16th Edition, published by Ball Publishing. Reprinted with permission ^ae.g, 30-ten-10 ^be.g., 25-v-20, 25-ten-10, 25-0-25 ^ce.one thousand., 20-20-xx, 20-5-30, 21-7-seven ^deast.g., 15-15-fifteen, 15-xxx-15, 16-4-12

Table 12. Injector scale with a conductivity meter¹
*A. Peters Single Chemical element Fertilizer Components*
ppm Nitrogen	Ammonium Nitrate NH₄NO₃ 34% N	Ammonium Sulfate (NH₄)_iiSO₄ 21% N	Sodium Nitrate NaNO_three 16% N	Potassium Nitrate KNO₃ 14% N	Calcium Nitrate Ca(NO₃)₂ xv.5% North	Epsom Salt MgSO₄ 10% Mg
50	0.23	0.45	0.43	0.48	0.37	0.38
75	0.35	0.68	0.65	0.71	0.55	0.56
100	0.46	0.90	0.86	0.95	0.74	0.75
125	0.58	1.13	ane.08	ane.18	0.92	0.94
150	0.69	1.35	i.29	1.42	1.11	1.13
175	0.81	ane.58	1.51	i.66	ane.30	1.31
200	0.92	1.xc	1.72	1.90	1.48	1.50
225	1.04	2.03	ane.94	2.fourteen	1.66	1.69
250	1.15	2.25	2.15	two.37	i.85	1.88
275	1.27	2.48	ii.37	2.61	2.04	2.06
300	one.38	2.70	two.58	2.85	2.22	ii.25
350	1.61	iii.xv	3.01	3.32	2.59	2.63
400	1.84	3.60	3.44	3.fourscore	ii.96	3.00
450	2.07	4.05	3.87	4.27	3.33	3.38
500	two.30	4.fifty	iv.30	4.75	three.70	three.75
550	2.53	4.95	4.73	five.22	4.07	iv.13
600	2.76	5.forty	five.16	5.70	4.44	4.50
650	two.99	5.85	v.59	half dozen.17	iv.81	4.88
700	three.22	6.30	vi.02	6.65	v.xviii	five.25
750	3.45	6.75	half dozen.45	seven.12	5.50	5.63
800	3.68	vii.20	half dozen.88	seven.60	v.92	six.00
850	three.91	vii.65	seven.31	8.07	6.29	6.38
900	four.xiv	8.10	7.74	8.55	6.66	6.75
950	4.37	8.55	viii.17	9.02	7.03	7.13
g	4.lx	9.00	8.60	ix.fifty	7.forty	seven.50
ⁱAdapted from Grace Horticultural Products. Due west.1 R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140. NOTES: ane) For use with meters in millimhos with Peters® Unmarried Chemical element Fertilizer Components. ii) These are readings made with distilled h2o. 3) Exam your plain irrigation h2o first and subtract that reading from the fertilizer-injected water. For example, your h2o test indicates 0.five mmhos and yous are applying 500 ppm N with calcium nitrate. Your calibration reading is three.lxx - 0.v = 3.twenty mmhos.

Table 12. Injector scale with a conductivity meter¹
*B. Peters Mixed Soluble Fertilizer Analysis*
ppm Nitrogen	20-20-xx twenty-nineteen-xviii	20-10-15	20-5-xxx	25-v-20	25-10-ten xxx-10-x	5-eleven-26 Hydrosol	xv-xvi-17 15-xi-29 15-xx-25
50	0.23	0.31	0.22	0.12	0.09	ane.00	0.32
75	0.34	0.47	0.33	0.18	0.14	i.50	0.48
100	0.45	0.62	0.44	0.24	0.18	2.00	0.65
125	0.56	0.78	0.56	0.thirty	0.23	2.l	0.82
150	0.68	0.93	0.69	0.36	0.27	3.00	1.00
175	0.79	1.09	0.81	0.43	0.32	3.l	one.twenty
200	0.90	1.24	0.94	0.51	0.36	4.00	1.40
225	1.01	i.40	1.07	0.57	0.41	4.fifty	one.56
250	one.thirteen	one.55	1.twenty	0.62	0.47	5.00	1.72
275	1.24	one.71	1.32	0.71	0.51	5.50	1.91
300	one.35	1.86	1.43	0.80	0.54	half dozen.00	2.10
350	1.58	two.17	1.66	0.92	0.64	6.50	ii.45
400	one.80	2.48	1.90	1.04	0.74	seven.00	2.80
450	two.03	2.79	ii.xv	ane.xviii	0.85	7.50	3.15
500	2.25	3.10	2.twoscore	1.32	0.96	8.00	iii.l
550	2.48	3.41	2.61	1.45	1.06	-	iii.84
600	2.70	3.72	ii.82	1.58	1.16	-	four.18
650	2.93	4.03	3.03	1.71	1.26	-	4.52
700	3.xv	four.34	three.24	1.84	ane.36	-	4.lxxx
750	iii.38	4.65	3.45	1.98	ane.46	-	5.twenty
800	3.60	iv.96	3.66	two.xi	ane.56	-	5.54
850	iii.83	5.27	3.87	2.24	1.66	-	five.88
900	4.05	5.58	4.08	2.37	1.76	-	6.22
950	4.28	5.89	iv.29	2.50	1.86	-	6.56
1000	4.50	6.20	4.5	2.63	1.96	-	6.90
¹Adapted from Grace Horticultural Products. W.one R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140. NOTES: ane) For utilise with meters in millimhos with Peters® Fertilizer formulations. two) These readings are made with distilled h2o. iii) Exam your obviously irrigation water first and subtract that reading from the fertilizer-injected water. For example, your water exam indicates 0.ii mmhos and you are applying 200 ppm Due north with 15-15-15 fertilizer. Your calibration reading is one.30 - 0.two = i.10 mmhos.

Tabular array 12. Injector calibration with a conductivity meter¹
*B. Peters Mixed Soluble Fertilizer Analysis (cont.)*
ppm Nitrogen	15-15-15	xv-10-30	fifteen-xxx-15	15-0-15	16-4-12	21-seven-7 Acid	21-vii-seven Neutral
l	0.30	0.32	0.31	0.36	0.32	0.28	0.21
75	0.46	0.51	0.47	0.55	0.48	0.42	0.32
100	0.62	0.70	0.62	0.74	0.64	0.56	0.42
125	0.79	0.87	0.78	0.94	0.81	0.70	0.53
150	0.96	1.50	0.93	1.15	0.98	0.84	0.63
175	1.13	i.23	1.09	1.35	ane.fourteen	0.98	0.74
200	i.30	1.41	ane.24	i.55	1.31	ane.12	0.84
225	1.47	1.59	1.forty	ane.72	i.47	1.26	0.95
250	one.65	1.78	1.55	1.90	1.62	1.40	i.05
275	1.82	one.95	1.71	2.09	1.81	1.54	1.16
300	1.98	2.12	one.86	2.28	2.00	1.68	1.26
350	2.31	2.45	2.17	2.64	2.29	1.96	i.47
400	2.65	two.78	ii.48	3.00	2.58	2.24	1.68
450	2.98	three.12	2.79	3.34	2.93	2.52	1.89
500	3.25	3.46	3.10	3.68	3.28	2.80	2.10
550	3.55	iii.76	3.41	3.98	three.57	three.08	2.31
600	iii.85	4.06	three.72	4.28	3.86	3.36	2.52
650	4.15	4.36	4.03	4.58	4.15	iii.64	2.73
700	4.45	four.66	4.34	4.88	4.44	three.92	2.94
750	4.75	four.95	iv.65	5.twenty	4.72	4.20	3.15
800	5.05	5.25	4.96	5.50	4.98	iv.48	iii.36
850	5.35	five.55	5.27	5.80	5.24	4.76	iii.57
900	five.65	5.85	5.58	vi.10	5.l	5.04	3.78
950	5.95	6.15	5.89	6.xl	5.76	5.32	3.99
1000	half dozen.25	6.45	half-dozen.20	6.70	6.00	5.60	4.20
ⁱAdjusted from Grace Horticultural Products. Westward.one R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140. NOTES: i) For use with meters in millimhos with Peters® Fertilizer formulations. two) These readings are made with distilled h2o. 3) Test your plain irrigation water first and subtract that reading from the fertilizer-injected water. For example, your water test indicates 0.2 mmhos and you lot are applying 200 ppm N with 15-15-15 fertilizer. Your calibration reading is 1.30 - 0.2 = ane.10 mmhos.

Tabular array 13A. Parts per million of desired nutrient to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of water and vice versa¹
Ounces of Fertilizer Carrier in 100 Gallons	Percentage of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier
Ounces of Fertilizer Carrier in 100 Gallons	12	13	xiv	15.5	xvi	20	20.v	21
1	nine	9.seven	10.v	eleven.6	12.0	15.0	15.3	15.seven
2	xviii	19.5	21.0	23.2	24.0	29.9	30.7	31.4
3	27	29.3	31.4	35.0	35.ix	44.9	46.0	47.2
iv	36	38.ix	41.9	46.iv	47.9	59.9	61.4	62.9
half-dozen	54	58.4	62.nine	70.0	71.9	89.9	92.1	94.3
viii	72	77.8	83.8	92.8	95.8	119.seven	122.seven	125.7
16	144	155.7	167.vii	185.half-dozen	191.vii	239.5	245.5	251.v
24	216	233.5	251.5	278.4	287.five	359.ii	368.2	377.2
32	288	311.4	335.4	371.3	383.4	479.0	490.9	502.nine
xl	359	389.2	419.two	464.0	479.two	598.7	613.7	628.6
48	431	467.0	503.0	556.viii	575.0	718.5	736.4	754.4
56	503	544.7	586.9	649.7	670.9	838.ii	859.2	880.i
64	575	622.7	670.seven	742.iv	766.7	958.0	981.9	1005.8
¹From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, fifth ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

Tabular array 13A. Parts per 1000000 of desired food to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of water and vice versa^one (cont)
Ounces of Fertilizer Carrier in 100 Gallons	Percentage of Desired Food in Fertilizer Carrier
Ounces of Fertilizer Carrier in 100 Gallons	33	44	45	53	60	62
ane	24.7	32.9	33.7	39.7	44.9	46.iv
2	49.4	65.9	67.4	79.3	89.8	92.0
iii	74.1	98.viii	101.0	117.0	134.7	139.two
4	98.eight	131.7	134.7	158.7	179.six	185.half-dozen
6	148.2	197.vi	202.1	238.0	269.iv	278.iv
8	197.6	263.4	269.4	317.3	359.two	371.two
16	395.two	526.9	538.ix	634.half dozen	718.five	742.4
24	592.seven	790.3	808.3	952.0	1077.seven	1113.vi
32	790.3	1053.vii	1077.seven	1269.3	1436.ix	1484.eight
40	987.9	1317.2	1347.1	1586.half dozen	1796.2	1856.i
48	1185.5	1580.6	1616.v	1903.9	2155.iv	2227.ii
56	1383.0	1844.0	1886.0	2221.2	2514.half dozen	2598.4
64	1580.6	2107.v	2155.4	2538.half-dozen	2873.nine	2969.7
¹From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th ed. Published past Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

Table 13B. Parts per meg of desired food to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of h2o and vice versa¹
Grams of Fertilizer Carrier in ane Liter	PPM of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier
0.i	12	13	14	xvi	16	20	20.5	21
0.ii	24	26	28	31	3	40	41.0	42
0.three	36	39	42	47	48	sixty	61.5	63
0.4	48	52	56	62	64	80	82.0	84
0.vi	72	78	84	93	96	120	123.0	126
0.8	96	104	112	124	128	160	164.0	168
1.0	120	130	140	155	160	200	205.0	210
ane.5	180	195	210	233	240	300	307.0	315
ii.0	240	260	280	310	320	400	410.0	420
2.v	300	325	350	388	400	500	512.5	525
3.0	360	390	420	465	480	600	615.0	630
3.v	420	455	490	543	560	700	717.five	735
4.0	480	520	560	620	640	800	820.0	840
¹From Nelson, P.Five. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Direction, 5th ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

Table 13B. Parts per meg of desired food to grams of fertilizer carrier in i liter water and vice versa^ane (cont)
Grams of Fertilizer Carrier in 1 Liter	PPM of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier
0.ane	33	44	45	53	60	62
0.2	66	88	90	106	120	124
0.iii	99	132	135	159	180	186
0.4	132	176	180	212	240	248
0.6	198	264	270	318	360	372
0.viii	264	352	360	424	480	496
1.0	330	440	450	530	600	620
1.v	495	660	675	795	900	930
ii.0	660	880	900	1060	1200	1240
2.5	825	1100	1125	1325	1500	1550
iii.0	990	1320	1350	1590	1800	1860
3.5	1155	1540	1575	1855	2100	2170
4.0	1320	1760	1800	2120	2400	2480
¹From Nelson, P.Five. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

Table fourteen. Conversion factors among electrical conductivity (EC) units¹
From	To	Multiply by:
mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm	mhos 10 x^-5/cm	100
mhos x 10^-five/cm	mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm	0.01
mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm	∝mhos or mhos x x^-6	k
∝mhos or mhos x 10^-6	mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm	0.001
mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm	ppm	670²
ppm	mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm	0.0014925^two
mhos ten 10^-5/cm	ppm	6.70^two
ppm	mhos x ten^-v/cm	0.14925²
∝mhos or mhos ten 10^-6	ppm	0.6702^two
ppm	∝mhos or mhos x 10^-6	i.4925²
^ane Adjusted from T.J. Cavins, et al., 2000. ² Some labs report EC in terms of ppm or convert EC to ppm. Although 670 is the basis used in this case, the conversion factor can vary between 640 and 700. This conversion factor is an average due to the variability in the type of fertilizer salts that contribute to the substrate EC in each sample, and information technology should exist considered a broad approximation. Expressing EC in terms of mS/cm or mhos/cm is the preferred method.

Table fifteen is designed to help growers decide which acid to add and in what quantities to acidify their irrigation water.

Table 15. Diverse acids to add together to irrigation water for acidification^ane
Note: The table is an case from software chosen Alkalinity Calculator, available at www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/floriculture/software/alk.html. It is an acidification analysis done on a h2o sample with a starting pH of eight.0 and alkalinity of 200 ppm CaCO₃ acidified to an end point pH of 5.8. For your specific water sample, download the Alkalinity Reckoner and follow the directions listed on the website. Yous will demand to obtain a water study on your irrigation water prior to running the software. You will need to know the water pH and alkalinity of your sample and take an thought almost what terminate-point pH you desire to obtain after acidification. The software likewise gives you information about the cost of the acidification treatment.
Culling ACIDS TO Add TO IRRIGATION WATER
Amounts	Acids
Amounts	Phosphoric Acid (75%)	Phosphoric Acid (85%)	Sulfuric Acrid (35%)	Sulfuric Acid (93%)	Nitric Acrid (61.4%)	Nitric Acrid (67%)
*For Pocket-sized Volumes*
ml per liter	0.253	0.207	0.348	0.087	0.234	0.209
fl oz per gallon	0.032	0.027	0.044	0.011	0.030	0.027
ml per gallon	0.956	0.785	1.316	0.330	0.884	0.793
*For a 1:100 Injector*
fl oz per gallon (conc.)	three.23	2.65	iv.45	i.12	2.99	ii.68
ml per gallon (conc.)	95.63	78.47	131.59	32.98	88.forty	79.28
*For a ane:128 Injector*
fl oz per gallon (conc.)	four.xiv	3.twoscore	5.70	1.43	3.83	3.43
ml per gallon (conc.)	122.41	100.44	168.44	42.22	113.sixteen	101.48
*For a i:200 Injector*
fl oz per gallon (conc.)	6.47	5.31	8.xc	2.23	v.98	5.36
ml per gallon (conc.)	191.27	156.94	263.19	65.97	176.81	158.56
NUTRIENTS ADDED BY EACH Blazon OF Acid
Nutrients Added	Phosphorus	Phosphorus	Sulfur	Sulfur	Nitrogen	Nitrogen
Corporeality Added (ppm)	94.6	94.six	50.3	50.three	43.seven	43.7
Use the information above for modifying your fertility programme.

Tables 16 through 20 assist determine which fertilizers to utilize based on chemical assay, reaction in substrate, longevity in substrate (slow release fertilizers), and incorporation rates for some popular slow release fertilizers. Tables 17 and 18 are specifically designed to provide detailed data on fertilizer calculations, which besides assistance determine correct application rates.

Table xvi. Amounts of nutrient sources to combine in making various fertilizer formulas¹
Fertilizer Proper noun	Nutrient Sourcesⁱⁱ
Fertilizer Proper noun	Analysis	33 -0 -0	thirteen -0 -44	15.5 -0 -0	16 -0 -0	21 -0 -0	45 -0 -0	0 -0 -60	12 -62 -0	21 -53 -0	% of N every bit NH_four + Urea	Reaction in Substrate^four
Ammonium nitrate	33-0-0	X									l	A
Potassium nitrate	13-0-44		X								0	N
Calcium nitrate	15.five-0-0			10							6	B
Sodium nitrate	16-0-0				X						0	B
Ammonium sulfate	21-0-0					Ten					100	A
Urea	45-0-0						X				100	SA
Potassium chloride	0-0-60							10			-	N
Monoammonium phosphate	12-62-0								10		100	A
Diammonium phosphate³	21-53-0									X	100	SA
Magnesium nitrate	10-0-0										0	B
Chrysanthemum green	18-0-22	1	2			one					47	A
General Summertime	20-x-24	ane					one	ii		1	83	A
General depression phosphate	21-4-twenty	7						iv		1	55	A
General summer	21-17-twenty	1					2	3		3	90	A
General	17-six-27	4						four		1	57	A
UConn Mix	19-5-24		6	ii			2		i		49	North
Editor'southward favorite	xx-5-xxx		13				iv			two	57	SA
20-xx-20 substitute	20-20-22		4				i			3	67	SA
Starter and pink hydrangea	12-41-15		one						2		65	SA
Starter and pinkish hydrangea	17-35-sixteen						1	4		ten	100	SA
N-K only	sixteen-0-24	2			1			2			40	SA
Northward-K but	20-0-thirty	ane	2								28	SA
Blue hydrangea	13-0-22					two		ane			100	VA
Blueish hydrangea	fifteen-0-15					3		1			100	VA
Acid	21-ix-9	three	1			7		i		2	79	VA
Bound carnation	x-0-17				v			2			0	B
Wintertime nitrate	15-0-15		ane	2							5	B
Winter potash	fifteen-0-22		1	1							four	B
Lily substitute	16-4-12	ane	4	half-dozen						ane	22	N
High K	xv-ten-thirty		7	1						2	28	N
ⁱFrom Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th ed. Published past Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. ⁱⁱFor names of nutrient sources, run across the first nine entries in the Name column. ³Diammonium phosphate may be pelletized and coated. To dissolve, use very hot water and stir vigorously. Sediment formation should not cause concern. Use crystalline potassium chloride if possible. ⁴B = bones; Northward = neutral; SA = slightly acid; A = acid; VA = very acid. Annotation: For example, an 18-0-22 formula fertilizer can exist formulated by blending together i lb of ammonium nitrate plus 2 lbs of potassium nitrate plus ane lb of ammonium sulfate. This formulation is determined by locating the 18-0-22 formula in the Analysis cavalcade. And then the three numbers 1, ii and 1 are located in the row later on this formula. Each of the three numbers is traced to the X above information technology and so to the food source to the left of the X.

Table 17. Formulas for boosted fertilizer calculations
Compound	Formula	Weight
Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Calcium Nitrate Potassium Nitrate Potassium Chloride Potassium Sulfate Urea	NH_fourNO_iii (NH_four)₂SO₄ Ca(NO_three)_ii KNO₃ KCl Thou₂SO₄ CO(NH₂)₂	80.8 132.0 164.0 101.1 74.6 174.2 lx.0
Element	Symbol	Diminutive Weight
Calcium Carbon Chlorine Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Potassium	Ca C Cl H N O P k	twoscore.i 12.0 35.5 i.0 fourteen.0 xvi.0 31.0 39.ane

Using Chemicals

one)

mg of fertilizer source/liter of water = (ppm)(formula weight)

(atomic weight of element)(number of units in formula of fertilizer source)

ii)

ppm = (mg of fertilizer/liter of water)(atomic weight of element)(number of units of chemical element in formula of fertilizer source)

(formula weight of fertilizer source)

iii) to convert mg/l to lbs/100 gal, multiply mg by 0.0008344

iv) to catechumen lbs/100 gal to mg/l, split up lbs past 0.0008344

Instance: How many pounds of potassium sulfate (One thousand_iiSO₄) need to be dissolved in 100 gallons of water to make 100 ppm K solution. Get the formula weight of potassium sulfate (M₂SO₄) and the atomic weight of potassium from Tabular array 14. Then:
1) mg of Yard₂SO_iv / liter of h2o = (100 x 174.ii) Ã· (39.1 ten 2) = 222.8 mg/L
two) 222.8 mg/50 x 0.00083440 = 0.186 lbs potassium sulfate/100 gal

Using Premixed Fertilizers

ane)

mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (ppm of Due north desired)(100)

(% Due north in fertilizer)

ppm of P = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of h2o)(% P_twoO₅)(0.4366)

100

ppm of Yard = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of h2o) (% Thousand₂O) (0.8301)

100

mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of h2o = (ppm of P desired)(100)

(% P_iiO_five)(0.4366)

mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (ppm of thousand desired)(100)

(% K_iiO) (0.8301)

six)

mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of h2o)(% N)

10

Table xviii. Miscellaneous conversions used in fertilizer calculations
1 millimeter or cubic centimeter of water weighs 1 gram
1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
ane part per million (ppm) 1 part per meg 1 role per meg	= 0.0001 per centum = ane milligram/liter =0.013 ounces in 100 gallons of water
1 percentage 1 percent 1 percent 1 percent 1 percent	= ten,000 ppm = 10 grams per liter = 10,000 grams per kilogram = ane.33 ounces by weight per gallon of water = 8.34 pounds per 100 gallons of h2o
0.ane percent 0.01 percent 0.001 percent 0.0001 percent	= chiliad ppm = 100 ppm = 100 ppm = 100 ppm	= 1000 milligrams per liter = 100 milligrams per liter = ten milligrams per liter = 1 milligram per liter
Estimate weight-book measurements for making pocket-sized volumes of water soluble fertilizers
i cup	= 8 oz or 0.five lbs of fertilizer
2 cups	= 1 lb of fertilizer
one tablespoon	= 0.5 oz of fertilizer
2 tablespoons	= one oz of fertilizer
Useful conversions
1 ton/acre	= 20.8 grams/foursquare foot
1 ton/acre	= 1 lb/21.78 foursquare feet
one gram/square pes	= 96 lbs/acre
1 lb/acre	= 0.0104 g/square pes
100 lbs/acre	= 0.2296 lbs/100 square feet
grams/square foot 10 96	= lbs/acre
lbs/square foot x 43,560	= lbs/acre
100 square feet	= i/435.half-dozen or 0.002296 acres
Weight conversions from lbs/acre to weight/100 square anxiety
lbs/acre	amount applied/100 square anxiety
100	3.7 oz
200	seven.4 oz
300	11.1 oz
400	fourteen.viii oz
500	1 lb 2.5 oz
600	1 lb 6 oz
700	1 lb ten oz
800	i lb 13 oz
900	ii lb 1 oz
1000	2 lb 5 oz
2000	4 lb 10 oz
Per centum to Ratio Conversion
ii.0%	ane:fifty
one.5%	one:67
ane.0%	i:100
0.nine%	1:111
0.8%	1:128
0.7%	one:143
0.6%	ane:167
0.5%	1:200
0.4%	1:250
0.3%	1:333
0.2%	1:500

Table19. Osmocote® controlled-release fertilizers and their release periods¹
Analysis	Longevity²(months)	Product Name
14-14-fourteen	3-four	Osmocote®^three
19-6-12	three-iv	Osmocote®^three
13-thirteen-13	eight-nine	Osmocote®ⁱⁱⁱ
18-half-dozen-12	viii-ix	Osmocote®³ Fast Start
18-six-12	8-9	Osmocote®³
17-seven-12	12-14	Osmocote®³
15-9-12	three-four	Osmocote® Plus
xv-9-12	v-half-dozen	Osmocote® Plus
xv-9-12	viii-9	Osmocote® Plus
15-9-12	12-14	Osmocote® Plus
15-nine-12	14-16	Osmocote® Plus
16-8-12	8-ix	Osmocote® Plus Minors Tablets
nineteen-5-viii + Minors	viii-9	Osmocote® Pro with Poly-South
19-v-9 + Minors	12-14	Osmocote® Pro with Poly-S
20-5-viii + Minors	viii-ix	Osmocote® Pro with Poly-S
24-4-eight	eight-9	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
24-4-7	12-14	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
24-iv-six	14-16	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
21-4-seven w/ Mg & Fe	8-9	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
21-three-7 w/ Mg & Fe	12-fourteen	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
22-four-nine + Minors	5-half dozen	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
22-4-8 + Minors	eight-9	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
22-4-seven + Minors	12-14	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
22-iv-half-dozen + Minors	fourteen-16	Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
20-iv-9	8-nine	Osmocote® Pro with Methylene Urea and Ureaform
20-four-eight	12-14	Osmocote® Pro with Methylene Urea and Ureaform
23-iv-8 + Minors	14-16	Osmocote® Pro + ScottKote™
xix-seven-10 + Fe	three-four	Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Iron
18-seven-10 + Fe	8-9	Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Iron
17-7-10 + Iron	12-14	Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Iron
thirteen-x-13	5-6	Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
15-x-10	eight-9	Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
xviii-8-8	eight-ix	Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
20-4-8	viii-9	Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
18-5-9	12-14	Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
17-6-12 + Minors	iii-4	Sierra® Tablets
17-6-10 + Minors	8-nine	Sierra® Tablets
ⁱ From the Scotts Visitor and Subsidiaries, Marysville, OH 43041. ² At an average root substrate temperature of 70 degrees F (21 degrees C). ³ Six trace elements plus magnesium.

Table twenty. Rates in lb/yd³ (kg/thou^three) for incorporation of three of the most popular formulations of Nutricote into greenhouse root substrates¹
Release Type (days³)	Sensitive Crops		Medium-Feeding Crops		Heavy-Feeding Crops
Release Type (days³)	*thirteen-13-13*
70	ii.5	(1.5)	five	(3.0)	8.5	(5.one)
100	iii.five	(2.1)
140	5	(three.0)	9	(five.4)	xiii	(vii.8)
180	6	(3.six)	xi	(6.6)	17	(10.2)
270	eight	(4.8)	xiii	(7.8)	21	(12.6)
360	11	(6.half-dozen)	15	(9.0)	25	(15.0)
	*14-14-14*
forty	2	(1.2)	5	(three.0)	8	(four.7)
70	4	(two.four)	9	(5.4)	14	(eight.3)
100	5	(3.0)	12	(7.i)	xx	(11.9)
140	8	(iv.7)	fifteen	(ix.0)	22	(13.0)
180	12	(7.1)	20	(xi.9)	28	(xvi.half dozen)
270	xvi	(9.5)	24	(xiv.2)	32	(19.0)
360	20	(11.9)	28	(16.six)	36	(21.3)
	*18-6-viii*
70	2	(ane.ii)	4.5	(2.seven)	seven.five	(4.5)
100	3	(one.8)	half-dozen.5	(3.ix)	11	(vi.half dozen)
140	4.5	(two.7)	8	(4.viii)	12	(vii.2)
180	6	(3.half dozen)	eleven	(6.6)	14	(8.4)
270	8	(iv.8)	13	(seven.8)	16	(12.0)
360	11	(half-dozen.6)	15	(9.0)	18	(13.8)
¹ From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th Â ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

Tables 21 through 22 are designed to assist growers in correcting the pH of the growing substrate.

Tabular array 21. Materials and rates necessary to lower the pH level of greenhouse potting substrate 0.5 to 1.0 units¹
Material	Pounds to incorporate in lbs/yd³	Pounds to dissolve in 100 gal water^two	Rate of change in pH
Aluminum sulfate	i.5	vi.0	Rapid
Iron sulfate	1.5	6.0	Moderate
Finely basis elemental sulfur	0.75	-	Slow
¹ Adapted from Bailey, D.A. 1996. ² Apply this drench as a normal watering, near i quart per foursquare foot or 8 fluid ounces per vi-inch pot.

Table 22. Approximate amount of materials required to change pH of peat-based potting mixes^ane
Beginning pH	Pounds per cubic yard to modify acerbity to pH 5.7 for:
Beginning pH	50% Peat 50% Moss	100% Peat
seven.five²	2.0	three.four
7.0	1.5	two.5
6.5	one.0	ii.0
v.0³	2.5	3.5
iv.5	5.6	7.iv
4.0	seven.9	eleven.v*
3.5	10.five*	15.58
ⁱ Adapted from Conover, C.A., and R.T. Poole. 1984. ² Add sulfur or acidifying mixture to lower pH to v.7. *^three Add together dolomitic lime or equivalent amount of calcium to raise pH to five.7.* * Improver of more than ten pounds of dolomitic per ydⁱⁱⁱ can cause micro-nutrient deficiencies.

Table 23 will help when applying various plant growth regulators.

Table 23A. Dilution/conversion chart for A-Residual (0.0264% active ingredient)¹
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm)	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution		Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
1	48		14.34	3.79
3	1.45		43.02	11.36
x	4.85		143.39	37.88
25	12.12		358.47	94.70
50	24.24		716.93	189.39
75	36.36		1075.40	284.09
100	48.48		1433.87	378.79
Drench
Dose (Milligrams per vi-in Pot)	Drench Volume per vi-in Pot* (Fluid Ounces)	ppm solution	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Gallon of Concluding Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Terminal Solution
0.125	4	1.06	0.51	15.xv	4.0
0.25	4	ii.xi	i.02	30.xxx	8.01
0.l	4	4.23	ii.05	60.61	sixteen.01
0.75	four	six.34	3.07	90.91	24.02
ane.00	4	8.45	4.x	121.21	32.02
¹Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. *ii fl oz/four-in pot; 3 fl oz/v-in pot; x fl oz/eight-in pot

Table 23B. Dilution/conversion chart for CYCOCEL (11.8% active ingredient)¹
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm)	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Terminal Solution		Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Terminal Solution
1,000	1.08		32.08	viii.47
1,500^A	1.63		48.12	12.71
two,000	2.17		64.sixteen	16.95
ii,500	2.71		lxxx.20	21.19
three,000^B	3.25		96.24	25.42
v,000	v.42		160.40	42.37
Deluge
Dose (Milligrams per half dozen-in Pot)	Deluge Volume per 6-in Pot* (Fluid Ounces)	ppm solution	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Last Solution
355	six	ii,000	2.17	64.18	xvi.95
532	6	3,000^B	three.25	96.eighteen	25.42
710	6	4,000	iv.34	128.36	33.90
¹Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. ^ACommonly referred to as i:80. ^BCommonly referred to equally one:40. *2 fl oz/2.25- to three-in pot; 3 fl oz/4-in pot; 4 fl oz/five-in pot; 8 fl oz/eight-in pot.

Table 23C. Dilution/conversion chart for B-Nine WSG (85% agile ingredient)^one
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm)	Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution	Grams per Gallon of Terminal Solution	Grams per Liter of Final Solution
1,000	0.16	4.45	1.18
2,500	0.39	11.13	2.94
5,000	0.79	22.26	v.88
seven,500	ane.eighteen	33.forty	8.82
^aneAdapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.

Tabular array 23D. Dilution/conversion chart for BONZI (0.4% active ingredient)¹
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm)	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution		Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Concluding Solution
1	0.032		0.95	0.25
iii	0.096		ii.84	0.75
5	0.160		4.73	1.25
ten	0.320		nine.46	ii.50
15	0.480		14.20	3.75
25	0.800		23.66	6.25
45	1.440		42.59	eleven.25
60	i.920		56.78	xv.00
90	two.880		85.17	22.50
Drench
Dose (Milligrams per 6-in Pot)	Drench Volume per half dozen-in Pot* (Fluid Ounces)	ppm	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Gallon of Last Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Concluding Solution
0.one	4	0.85	0.03	0.8	0.21
0.2	4	ane.69	0.05	ane.6	0.42
0.5	4	4.23	0.14	4.0	1.06
i.0	4	8.45	0.27	eight.0	2.11
1.9	four	sixteen.06	0.51	fifteen.ii	4.02
ⁱAdjusted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. * ii fl oz/4-in pot; iii fl oz/5-in pot; 10 fl oz/8-in pot.

Table 23E. Dilution/conversion chart for SUMAGIC (0.055% active ingredient)^one
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm)	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution		Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
one	0.26		7.57	two
iii	0.77		22.71	6
5	1.28		37.85	10
ten	2.56		75.71	20
15	iii.84		113.56	xxx
25	half dozen.40		189.27	fifty
30	vii.68		227.12	threescore
50	12.fourscore		378.54	100
Deluge
Dose (Milligrams per 6-in Pot)	Drench Volume per 6-in Pot* (Fluid Ounces)	ppm	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
0.02	4	0.17	0.04	1.28	0.34
0.03	iv	0.25	0.06	1.92	0.51
0.04	iv	0.34	0.09	two.56	0.68
0.05	4	0.42	0.xi	3.20	0.85
0.06	4	0.51	0.13	iii.84	1.01
0.09	iv	0.76	0.nineteen	five.76	i.52
0.12	iv	1.01	0.26	vii.68	2.03
0.twenty	4	1.69	0.43	12.lxxx	three.38
¹Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. * 2 fl oz/4-in pot; 3 fl oz/5-in pot; 10 fl oz/viii-in pot.

Tabular array 23F. Dilution/conversion chart for FLOREL (iii.nine% active ingredient)¹
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm)	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Concluding Solution	Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
300	0.97	28.72	7.59
325	1.05	331.11	8.22
500	one.62	47.86	12.64
750	two.43	28.89	xviii.97
975	3.16	93.34	24.66
1,000	3.24	95.73	25.29
¹Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.

Table 23G. Dilution/conversion nautical chart for PRO-GIBB (4% active ingredient)¹
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm)	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Terminal Solution	Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Concluding Solution
2.5	0.008	0.24	0.06
five.0	0.016	0.47	0.13
100.0	0.320	ix.46	2.50
250.0	0.800	23.66	6.25
300.0	0.960	28.39	vii.l
500.0	1.600	47.31	12.50
¹Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.

Table 23H. Dilution/conversion chart for FASCINATION¹
Spray
ppm BA/GA	Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution	Milliliters per Gallon of Terminal Solution	Milliliters per Liter of Terminal Solution
1/1	0.007	0.ii	0.06
v/5	0.04	ane.1	0.iii
10/x	0.07	2.1	0.half-dozen
25/25	0.xviii	v.three	1.4
50/l	0.36	10.five	2.viii
75/75	0.53	15.8	iv.ii
100/100	0.71	21.0	v.5
^aneAdapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.

Tables 24 through 25 are designed to help growers who desire to set their ain substrate mix.

Table 24. Pre-constitute fertilizer sources and rates of application^one,2
Nutrient Source		Rate per Cubic Yard (per k³)
Nutrient Source		Soil-Based Media	Soilless Media
*To provide calcium and magnesium*
When a pH rise is desired:	Dolomitic limestone	0-10 lbs (0-6 kg)	10 lbs (6 kg)
When no pH shift is desired:	Gypsum for calcium	0-5 lbs (0-3 kg)	0-five lbs (0-three kg)
When no pH shift is desired:	Epsom common salt for magnesium	0-1 lbs (0-0.6 kg)	0-ane lb (0-0.6 kg)
To provide phosphorus*
Superphosphate (0-45-0)		1.v lb (0.nine kg)	2.25 lbs (1.3 kg)
*To provide sulfur*
Gypsum (calcium sulfate)		1.5 lbs (0.nine kg)	1.5 lbs (0.9 kg)
*To provide micronutrients: iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum*
Esmigran		3-6 lbs (ane.8-3.6 kg)	3-half dozen lbs (1.8-iii.6 kg)
Micromax		one-1.v lbs (0.half-dozen-0.nine kg)	1-1.5 lb (0.6-0.9 kg)
Promax		1-1.5 lbs (0.6-0.9 kg)	one-ane.5 lb (0.half-dozen-0.9 kg)
F-555HF		3 oz (112 g)	3 oz (112 thou)
F-111HR		1 lb (0.6 kg)	1 lb (0.6 kg)
*To provide nitrogen and potassium (optional)*
Calcium nitrate, or		ane lb (0.6 kg)	1 lb (0.6 kg)
Potassium nitrate		one lb (0.6 kg)	1 lb (0.6 kg)
¹From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Direction, 5th ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. ^twoRates in this table are for crops other than seedlings. Simply limestone is necessary in seedling substrates. Optional nutrient sources for bulb substrate include up to one lb (0.vi kg) each of superphosphate, gypsum, and calcium nitrate; no potassium nitrate; and the depression stop of the charge per unit range for micronutrients. *These are maximum rates designed to supply phosphorus for iii to four months if pH is maintained in a desirable range for the crop and the leaching percent is at or below 20 percent.

Table 25. Cornell Peat-Lite Mix A for seedlings, bedding plants and potted plants*
Materials Used	Corporeality per Cubic G¹	Amount per Bushel
Spagnum peat moss	0.v cubic chiliad (thirteen bushels)	0.five bushel
Horticultural class vermiculite #2 size for seed germination #2 or 3 for transplanting	0.5 cubic yard (thirteen bushels)	0.v bushel
Superphosphate, or	i to ii pounds	20.5 to 41.0 grams (1 to 2 tablespoons)
Treble superphosphateⁱⁱ	0.v to i pound	x.iii to xx.v grams (0.6 to 1.two tablespoons)
Footing dolomitic limestone²	5 to 10 pounds	103 to 206 grams (5.2 to x.4 tablespoons)
Gypsum²	two.0 pounds	41 grams (2.5 tablespoons)
Calcium nitrate	0.5 pound	10 grams (1.ii tablespoons)
Potassium nitrate	0.5 pound	x grams (i.2 tablespoons)
*Trace element material (Employ Simply I)*
Esmigran, or	4.0 pounds	81 grams (iv.0 tablespoons)
Micromax	1.5 pounds	31 grams (1.seven tablespoons)
*Wetting agent (Use Simply One^three)*
Aqua-Gro 2000 granular, or	1.0 pound	---
Aqua-Gro 2000-L liquid⁴	3-five fluid ounces	0.5 level teaspoon
PsiMatric liquid⁵	2-4 fluid ounces	0.5 level teaspoon
^oneA cubic yard equals 27 cubic feet or approximately 22 bushels. A xv to 20 percent compress occurs in mixing. Therefore, an additional 5 cubic feet or 4 bushels are used to obtain a full cubic g. ²If treble superphosphate is used, gypsum is added to supply sulphur. If only v pounds of limestone are used for pH command, and so add the gypsum that supplied calcium and sulphur. ³The granular Aqua-Abound is preferred. ⁴3 ounces/1000 for germination/seedlings, 5 ounces/1000 for bedding plants and pot plants. ⁵2 ounces/yard for germination/seedlings, four ounces/yard for bedding plants and pot plants. *Adapted from Fonteno. Due west.C. 1994

Table 28. Coverage estimates for perlite, peat, topsoil and straw
Thickness	4 cu ft Perlite	vi cu ft Canadian peat (compressed)	*one cu yd Peat mulches, Topsoil, etc.**	1 Bale
Thickness	4 cu ft Perlite	vi cu ft Canadian peat (compressed)	*one cu yd Peat mulches, Topsoil, etc.**	Pinestraw	Wheatstraw
2 in	28 sq ft	72 sq ft	162 sq ft	xc sq ft	180 sq ft
ane in	48 sq ft	144 sq ft	324 sq ft	180 sq ft	360 sq ft
1/2 in	96 sq ft	288 sq ft	648 sq ft	360 sq ft	720 sq ft
1/4 in	192 sq ft	576 sq ft	1296 sq ft	720 sq ft	1440 sq ft
*one cubic yard (ydⁱⁱⁱ) = 27 cubic feet (ft³)

Tables 29 through thirty help decide correct spacing and number of plants at each spacing for both greenhouse and field situations.

Tabular array 29. Institute spacing guide (greenhouse)
Spacing	Plants/sq ft	Plants/A of production expanse	Plants/A of ground covered*
8" x 9"	2.0	87,000	58,000
eight" x 8"	ii.3	98,000	65,000
8" ten seven"	two.half-dozen	114,000	76,000
8" x half-dozen"	iii.0	130,000	87,000
6" x 7"	3.4	147,000	98,000
6" x 6"	four.0	174,000	116,000
6" ten five"	four.8	208,000	139,000
5" x v"	5.8	252,000	168,000
5" ten 4"	7.2	313,000	209,000
5" x 3"	nine.6	418,000	279,000
four" x three"	12.0	522,000	348,000
*Assuming one/iii of production area devoted to aisles, etc.

Table 30. Plant spacing guide (field/orchard)*
Spacing Between Rows of Plants	Spacing Betwixt Plants Within the Row
	Anxiety	6	8	10	12	14	16	xviii	twenty	22	24	26
	4	1815	1361	1089	907	777	680	605	544	495	453	418
	6	1218	907	726	605	518	453	403	363	330	302	279
	8	907	680	544	453	388	339	302	272	247	226	209
	10	726	544	435	362	311	272	242	218	207	181	167
	12	605	453	362	302	259	226	201	181	165	151	139
	14	518	388	311	259	222	194	172	155	141	129	119
	xvi	453	339	272	226	194	169	151	136	123	113	104
	18	403	302	242	201	172	151	134	121	110	100	93
	20	363	272	218	181	155	136	121	108	99	xc	83
	22	330	247	207	165	141	123	110	99	90	82	76
	24	302	226	181	151	129	113	100	90	82	75	69
	26	279	209	167	139	119	104	93	83	76	69	64
	Number of Plants Per Acre
*To determine the number of plants per acre for spacings not given in the table, multiply the distance in the row past the distance between rows and split up that number into 43,560.

Formulas for calculating greenhouse book

These formulas are helpful in determining heating and cooling costs for greenhouses.

For the following formulas:

Fifty = length
West = width
W_i = width of curt span
W_ii = width of long span
H_e = height from floor to eave
H_r = height from eave to top

Uneven-span greenhouses

Figure one-A. Formula for calculating uneven-span greenhouse book.

Greenhouse volume in cubic feet = [(Due west x H_e) + ([W_i x H_r] ÷ ii) + ([Westward_ii ten H_r] ÷ 2)] x L

Even-span greenhouses

Figure ane-B. Formula for calculating even-span greenhouse book.

Greenhouse volume in cubic feet = [(W x H_e) + ([W x H_r] ÷ 2)] ten L

Quonset structures

Figure 1-C. Formula for calculating quonset greenhouse volume.

Greenhouse volume in cubic anxiety = [(West ten H_eastward) + ([3.14 x H_r²] ÷ 2)] x 50

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to admit the post-obit sources, sure tables from which were adapted to use in this publication.

Ball RedBook, sixteen ed. 1998. Vic Ball (Ed.) Ball Publishing.
Bedding Plants 4. 1994. J. Holcomb (Ed.) Brawl Publishing.
Cornell Recommendations for Commercial Floricultural Crops, Part 1. Cultural Practices and Production Programs.
Greenhouse Operation and Management, 5th ed. 1998. P. Five. Nelson.
Hummert'southward Helphul Hints, 1999-2000 ed. Hummert International.
Installation and Maintenance of Landscape Plants Bedding Plants. D.A. Bailey and Thou.A. Powell. 1999. N Carolina State University A&T Land University Cooperative Extension. Horticulture Information Leaflet 555.
Lite and fertilizer recommendations for production of acclimatized potted foliage plants. C.A. Conover and R.T. Poole, 1984, Leaf Digest (vii) 6: ane-6.
Greenhouse Media Lab Acid Improver Computer to Control Alkalinity in Irrigation Water. B.E. Whipker, D.A. Bailey, P.V. Nelson, W.C. Fonteno, and P.A. Hammer. Cooperative Extension Services of the Northeast States.
Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops, pH and EC Meters â?? Tools for Substrate Assay. 2000. T.J. Cavins, J.L. Gibson, B.E. Whipker, and Westward.C. Fonteno. Due north Carolina State University Enquiry Report. Florex.001.
Tips on Growing Bedding Plants, 4 ed. 1999. O.F.A. Services Inc.
Tips on the Apply of Chemical Growth Regulators on Floriculture Crops. 1992. O.F.A. Services Inc.
Tons to Teaspoons, L2285, University of California Cooperative Extension Service.
Water, Media and Diet. 1996. Alkalinity, pH and Acidification, Chapter 4. David Reed (Ed.) Ball Publishing.

DISCLAIMER: Trade named products listed does non imply endorsement over similar products, which may also be available.

Status and Revision History
Published on Mar 01, 2002
Unpublished/Removed on Feb 24, 2009
Published on Apr 29, 2009
Published with Full Review on Apr 25, 2012
Published with Full Review on Feb 22, 2016
Published with Full Review on Aug 01, 2017
Published with Total Review on Aug ten, 2020